Bolt Stretch and Clamp Load

Clamp load from F = (stretch * area * E) / grip; cross-check torque.

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Formula and source

Clamp load F = (stretch × area × E) / grip. Stretch is residual elongation after torque; E is fastener elastic modulus per material.

ASTM A325 / A490 / SAE J429 by name; SAE bolt material moduli (steel ~ 30e6 psi, stainless A2/A4 ~ 28e6, Inconel 718 ~ 29.6e6, titanium 6Al-4V ~ 16.5e6, aluminum 2024 ~ 10.6e6).

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