Combined Axial and Bending Stress (P/A +/- Mc/I)
Extreme-fiber stresses sigma = P/A +/- M c/I for a short member under axial force plus bending (or a moment from an eccentricity e). Reports whether the far face stays in compression (the kern threshold e <= r^2/c). Short member, no P-delta. A design aid, not the engineer of record.
Formula and source
sigma_axial = P/A; sigma_bend = M c/I; sigma_max = P/A + M c/I; sigma_min = P/A - M c/I; optional M = P e; no tension while M c/I <= P/A (kern e <= r^2/c).
The standard combined axial-plus-bending stress superposition (mechanics of materials), by name.
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