Excavation Slope and Bench-Step Plan
OSHA Appendix B slope ratios A 0.75:1 / B 1:1 / C 1.5:1 turned into spoil volume (yd^3), surface footprint, and bench-step layout. Competent person on-site governs the final plan.
Formula and source
horizontal_offset = depth * ratio (A 0.75 / B 1.0 / C 1.5). top_width = bottom_width + 2 * offset. cross_section = (top + bottom) / 2 * depth. volume_yd3 = cross_section * length / 27. Bench layout (A/B): 4 ft per bench; horizontal_step = bench_height * ratio.
OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P Appendix B and ยง1926.652.
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