GPS Distance (Haversine)

Great-circle distance and initial bearing between two coordinates.

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Formula and source

Great-circle distance via the haversine formula a = sin²(Δφ/2) + cos(φ1) × cos(φ2) × sin²(Δλ/2); d = 2 × R × atan2(sqrt(a), sqrt(1−a)). R = 6371 km mean earth radius.

Classical spherical trigonometry; WGS84 mean radius.

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