Heat-Pump Seasonal Heating Energy and Cost vs Gas and Resistance
The number that drives every electrification job.
Example
You enter
- Seasonal heating load (MMBtu) 60
- Heat-pump HSPF 9
- Electric rate ($/kWh) 0.15
- Furnace AFUE (0-1) 0.95
- Gas rate ($/therm, 0 = skip gas) 1.5
You get
- Hp (kWh) 6666.67
- Hp cost 1000
- Resistance cost 2637.75
- Gas (therms) 631.579
- Gas cost 947.368
Details, formula, and sources
What a heat pump costs to run for a heating season, set beside the same load delivered by a gas furnace and by electric resistance. The seasonal load (MMBtu) divided by the HSPF (AHRI 210/240 Btu per Wh) priced at the electric rate, versus load / AFUE at the gas rate and resistance at COP 1. The same heat pump is a bargain in one utility territory and a premium in another, so the answer is a calculation from the local rates, not a slogan. HSPF is the rated regional value and the load comes from a Manual J. An operating-cost estimate, not a metered bill.
hp_kwh = seasonal_load_mmbtu x 1000 / hspf; hp_cost = hp_kwh x rate_kwh; resistance_kwh = seasonal_load_mmbtu x 1e6 / 3412; gas_therms = rate_therm > 0 ? seasonal_load_mmbtu x 10 / afue : null; gas_cost = rate_therm > 0 ? gas_therms x rate_therm : null.
The AHRI 210/240 HSPF definition (season Btu delivered per Wh input) and the standard fuel-cost comparison (gas therms = load / AFUE, resistance at COP 1), by name; the constants 1 MMBtu = 293.07 kWh, 3,412 Btu/kWh, and 100,000 Btu/therm are named.
The HSPF definition and the fuel-cost comparison arithmetic are public; DOE and ENERGY STAR fuel-cost calculators are free.
Estimate. AHJ and licensed professional govern.
Field names used by the API: seasonal_load_mmbtu, hspf, rate_kwh, afue, rate_therm, hp_kwh, hp_cost, resistance_cost, gas_therms, gas_cost
- Heat-pump energy seasonal kWh = load / HSPF (HSPF is Btu delivered per Wh input, AHRI 210/240)AHRI 210/240
- Resistance baseline resistance heat at a COP of one, 3,412 Btu per kWhfirst principles
- Gas comparison gas therms = load / AFUE at the gas rate; skipped when no gas rate is enteredfuel-cost comparison