Plant Spacing Count (Square and Triangular)
The plant count for a bed at a given on-center spacing, square (area / spacing^2) and triangular (area / (0.866 x spacing^2), the staggered 60-degree grid that packs ~15% more plants the way groundcover is actually planted). The spacing comes from the mature spread or the plan; a planting-density count, not a horticultural plan.
Formula and source
s_ft = spacing_in / 12; square_n = ceil(bed_ft2 / s_ft^2); triangular_n = ceil(bed_ft2 / (0.866 x s_ft^2)), 0.866 = sqrt(3)/2.
First-principles square- and triangular-grid relations with nursery / landscape estimating references for the staggered-grid 0.866 factor (by name); no edition cycle.
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