Portable Ladder Setup Geometry (OSHA 1926.1053)
ladder-angle does the 4:1 setback and stops.
Example
You enter
- Ladder length (ft, as labelled) 24
- Height of the upper landing surface (ft) 22
- Rails extend above the landing (ft) 3
- Rung spacing, centre to centre (in) 12
- Clear width between side rails (in) 12
- Secured at the top with a grasping device? no
- Setup ratio (4 for the 4:1 rule) 4
You get
- Base setback (ft) 5.5
- Rail used to landing (ft) 22.6771
- Rail used total (ft) 25.7694
- Length short (ft) 1.76941
- Highest landing this ladder serves 20.3 ft, with the 3 ft still above it
Details, formula, and sources
Three more numbers decide whether a ladder is usable, and the first has arithmetic nobody does: the side rails must extend at least 3 ft above the landing, and that 3 ft comes out of the CLIMBABLE length along with the setback. At 4:1 every foot of height costs 1.0308 ft of rail, so a 24 ft ladder needs 25.8 ft of rail to serve a 22 ft roof -- it does NOT reach, and the highest landing it actually serves is 20.3 ft. A ladder never reaches its label. Where the 3 ft is impossible the ladder must be secured at the top AND a grasping device provided -- an alternative, not an excuse. Rung spacing is a WINDOW, 10 to 14 in, so too close fails as surely as too far. Clear width at least 11.5 in.
rail per foot of height at a b:1 setup = sqrt(1 + 1/b^2); base setback = height / b; rail to the landing = height x that factor; total rail = (height + 3 ft) x that factor; the highest landing served = ladder length / factor - 3 ft. Rung spacing must fall between 10 and 14 in between centrelines; clear width between side rails must be at least 11.5 in; side rails must extend at least 3 ft above the landing unless the ladder is secured at its top to a rigid support with a grasping device provided.
OSHA 29 CFR 1926.1053, Subpart X - Stairways and Ladders. A US federal regulation in the public domain, quoted directly. The rail-budget arithmetic is geometry from the setup ratio, not a code value.
29 CFR is published in full at no cost by OSHA and the eCFR.
Estimate. AHJ and licensed professional govern.
Field names used by the API: ladder_length_ft, landing_height_ft, extension_above_landing_ft, rung_spacing_in, clear_width_in, secured_with_grasping_device, base_ratio, base_setback_ft, rail_used_to_landing_ft, rail_used_total_ft, length_short_ft, max_landing_served_ft
- Extension side rails at least 3 ft above the upper landing surface29 CFR 1926.1053
- Alternative secured at the top to a rigid support AND a grasping device provided29 CFR 1926.1053
- Rail budget geometry: rail per foot of height = sqrt(1 + 1/ratio^2)derived from the setup ratio
- Rung spacing a window, 10 to 14 in between centrelines29 CFR 1926.1053
- Clear width at least 11.5 in between side rails for all portable ladders29 CFR 1926.1053
- Not checked angle, duty rating, base securing, fixed ladders, section overlap, electrical clearancestated scope limit