Scientific Notation and Significant Figures

Convert any number to m * 10^n form; count significant figures from the input string.

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Formula and source

Scientific notation: any nonzero number x = sign(x) * m * 10^n where 1 <= m < 10 and n = floor(log10(|x|)). Significant figures are read from the input string: leading zeros are not significant; embedded zeros and trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant.

Standard scientific notation. Significant-figure conventions per the SI / NIST guidance for measurement reporting.

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